PSG has now secured the season-opening trophy on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.